Lecture Outline for Spring 1998

1. Wednesday 1/14

   • Sections 1.1-1.3, Huang: Introduction to Microprocessors and Microcontrollers.
   • Figures
     • Cruise Control Block Diagram
     • cruise control flow chart
     • simple microcontroller
     • harvard architecture microprocessor
     • princeton architecture microprocessor

2. Friday 1/16

   • Sections A.1 - A.8, Huang: binary and hexadecimal numbers.
   • figures
     • binary, hex and decimal numbers
     • unsigned number wheel
     • signed number wheel (first attempt)
     • signed number wheel (final attempt)
     • binary, hex, signed and unsigned numbers

3. Monday 1/19
   • Appendix a, Huang: addition and subtraction of hexadecimal numbers.
   • Section 1.4, Huang: the 68hc11 programming model.
     Section 6.1, 68hc11 reference manual: programmer's model.
   • Section 1.7, Huang: 68hc11 instructions.
   • figures
     • 68hc11 programmer's model
     • simple memory map
     • example of memory location inside memory map
     • 68hc11 available memory
     • simplified logic for aba instruction

4. Wednesday 1/21
   • Sections 1.5-1.6, Huang: addressing modes.
     Section 6.2, 68hc11 reference manual: addressing modes.
     • inh inherent
     • ext extended
     • dir direct
     • imm immediate
     • ind indexed
   • Sections 2.2-2.4, Huang: introduction to assembly language
   • figure
     • some assembler directives for the as6811 assembler

5. Friday 1/23
   • Sections 1.7-1.8, Huang: 68hc11 instructions and machine code
   • figures
     • assembler-generated op codes
     • cycle-by-cycle processing of ldaa 0x1234

6. Monday 1/26

   • Section 1.8, Huang: 68hc11 machine code and execution cycles.
   • Sections 2.1-2.4 Huang: basic assembly language programming
   • figures
     • assembler-generated op codes for jump and branch instructions
     • flow chart to divide table by 2 (first attempt)
     • flow chart to divide table by 2 with code (first attempt)
     • flow chart to divide table by 2 (second attempt)
     • flow chart to divide table by 2 with code (second attempt)
     • code and cycle-by-cycle execution of program to divide table by two

7. Wednesday 1/28

   • Sections 2.1-2.6, 2.8, Huang: basic assembly language programming
     • assembly language program structure
     • assembler directives
     • flow charts
     • program loops - while, do while, if then else
     • branch instructions
     • Figures
       • if-then flowchart structure
       • if-then-else flowchart structure
       • while flowchart structure
       • do-while flowchart structure
       • flow chart and programs to add odd entries in a table (Huang example 2.17)
       • another flow chart and program to add odd entries in a table (Huang example 2.17)

8. Friday 1/31

   • more examples of assembly language programming, including further discussion of branching
   • figures
     • flowchart for problem e2.11 of Huang - swap elements of an array -- using a counter
     • flowchart for problem e2.11 of Huang - swap elements of an array - comparing addresses

9. Monday 2/03

   • Sections 3.1-3.3, 3.6-3.10, Huang: the stack, stack pointer and subroutines
   • Figures
     • Stack Pointer and the HC11 Programming Model
     • Simple Program Using Stack Pointer

10. Wednesday 2/04

    • More on Stacks and Subroutines
    • Parallel I/O on the 68HC11 -- Ports B and C

11. Friday 2/06

    • Parallel I/O on the 68HC11 -- Ports B and C
    • Introduction to the C programming Language
    • Figures
      • Comparison of Assembly and C Directives
      • Comparison of Programs in Assembly and C

12. Monday 2/9

    • C Programming: Data Types and Operators
    • C Programming: Flow Control
      • if ( ) { } else { } statement
      • while ( ) { } statement
      • for ( ; ; ) { } statement
      • do { } while ( ) statement
    • Figures
      • C Program to Display Binary Counter on Port B
      • if-then flow control in C
      • if-then-else flow control in C
      • while flow control in C
      • do-while flow control in C

13. Wednesday 2/11

    • More on C programming
    • Figures
      • Some basic C operators
      • Flow Chart of Lab 4
      • Flow Chart of Up Counter for Lab 4
      • Flow Chart of Tbird Pattern for Lab 4

14. Friday 2/13

    • Exam 1

15. Monday 2/16

    • Pointers in C
    • Introduction to Interrupts on the HC11
      (Huang, Section 5.2;
      Motorola Reference Manual, Section 5.3)
    • Figures
      • Pointers in C
      • C Program to Count Number of Negative Numbers from 0xE000 to 0xEFFF

16. Wednesday 2/18

    • HC11 Main Timer, Timer Overflow Interrupts, and Real Time Interrupts
      (Huang, Sections 7.1-7.3, 7.9;
      Motorola Reference Manual, Sections 10.1-10.2)
    • Figures
      • Interrupt Vector Table in BUFFALO
      • Timer Overflow Interrupt Hardware
      • Assembly and C Code for Timer Overflow Interrupt
      • Prescaler to Main Timer
      • Real Time Interrupt Hardware

17. Friday 2/20

    • Review of Timer Overflow and Real Time Interrupts
    • Input Capture Function of the HC11 Timer Subsystem
      (Huang, Section 7.4-7.5;
      Motorola Reference Manual, Section 10.3)
    • Figures
      • Using Interrupts on the HC11
      • Timer Overflow and Real Time Interrupt Hardware in the HC11
      • Using Timer Overflow and Real Time Interrupts
      • Considerations when using Timer Interrupts
      • The HC11 Input Capture Hardware
      • Programs Using Input Capture Functions

18. Monday 2/23

    • Output Compare Function of the HC11
      (Huang Sections 7.6-7.7,
      Motorola Reference Manual, Section 10.4)
    • Using Output Compare to Generate a Square Wave
    • Using TOC1 to Generate a Pulse Width Modulated Signal
    • Figures
      • The HC11 Output Compare Hardware
      • Using TOC2 to generate a square wave
      • Using TOC1 to control OC2-5
      • Using TOC1 and TOC2 to generate a pulse width modulated signal

19. Wednesday 2/25

    • Using BUFFALO routines to interact with the terminal
    • Introduction to Microprocessor Address, Data and Control Busses
      (Huang, Sections 4.1-4.3, 4.6;
      Motorola Reference Manual, Section 2.6)
    • Figures
      • Using BUFFALO routines to interact with the terminal
      • Address and data bus contents for a simple program
      • A simplified output port for the HC11
      • A simplified input port for the HC11

20. Friday 2/27

    • The HC11 in Expanded Mode
      (Huang, Chapter 4;
      Motorola Reference Manual, Sections 7.3.2 - 7.3.4;
      Motorola Technical Data Manual, Section 4.1.2)
      • Port B and Port C in Expanded Mode
      • Address Latching and Decoding
    • Figures
      • Mode selection for the HC11
      • Simplified description of tristate logic
      • Simplified bus timing for the HC11
      • Address/Data demultiplexing for the HC11
      • Memory map for the MC68HC11E9

21. Monday 3/2

    • More on the HC11 in Expanded Mode
      (Motorola Reference Manual, Sections 7.3.2 - 7.3.4; Motorola Technical Data Manual, Section 4.1.2, Appendix A)
      • A Simple Input Port
      • A Simple Output Port
      • Address Decoding
      • Timing Requirements for I/O Ports
    • Figures
      • A simple output port at 0xB000 for the HC11
      • A simple input port at 0xB000 for the HC11
      • Bus timing for the HC11

22. Wednesday 3/04

    • Review for Exam
    • Discussion of memory and port expansion of Lab 8.
    • Figures
      • Summary of HC11 Timer Subsystem

23. Friday 3/06

    • Exam 2

24. Monday 3/16

    • Memory decoding using a 74HC138 decoder chip.
      (Huang, Section 4.6.2)
    • Simple I/O Ports
    • Figures
      • Using a 74HC138 for memory decoding
      • Simple input and output ports using standard 74HC logic chips

25. Wednesday 3/18

    • Motorola MC6821 Peripheral Interface Adapter
      (Motorola MC6821 Data Sheet)
      (Huang, Section 6.12)
      • 6821 Ports A and B
      • 6821 Registers -- Data, Data Direction and Control
      • Figures
        • Memory map with expanded memory and PIA
        • How to access the 6821 Data Direction Registers and Data Registers
    • Address and Data Bus Timing
      (Huang, Section 4.7)
      (Motorola M68HC11 Reference Manual, Sections 7.3.2.2 & 7.3.4.2)
      (Motorola M68HC11 E Series Technical Data Manual, Table A-7, Figure A-14)
    • Figures
      • Critical bus times
      • Bus timing for a simple input port
      • Bus timing for a simple output port

26. Friday 3/20

    • More on memory decoding and bus timing.
    • Introduction to parallel port handshaking.

27. Monday 3/23

    • More on the Motorola MC6821 Peripheral Interface Adapter
      (Motorola MC6821 Data Sheet)
      • Control Lines CA1, CA2, CB1 and CB2
      • Handshaking with the Control Lines
    • Figures
      • Setup of control lines CA1, CA2, CB1 and CB2 for the 6821
      • Pulse mode handshaking for the 6821
      • Interlock mode handshaking for the 6821

28. Wednesday 3/25

    • More on the Motorola MC6821 Peripheral Interface Adapter
      (Motorola MC6821 Data Sheet)
      • More on Handshaking with the Control Lines
      • Introduction to Interrupts with the 6821
    • Figure
      • Program for parallel communications using interrupts on the MC6821

29. Friday 3/27

    • Serial Communication with the HC11 - The Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI)
      (Motorola Reference Manual, Chapter 8)
      (Huang, Sections 9.1-9.3)
      • Introduction to Synchronous Serial Communications
    • Figures
      • Asynchronous serial data transfers on the HC11
      • Synchronous serial data transfers on the HC11

30. Monday 3/31

    • More on the Serial Peripheral Interface: The SPI Control, Status and Data Registers
      (Motorola Reference Manual, Chapter 8)
      (Huang, Sections 9.4-9.5)
    • Figures
      • SPI Clock Setup
      • Communications between two HC11's using the SPI
      • Simple programs to send data from Master HC11 to Slave HC11 using the SPI
      • Simple programs to send data from Slave HC11 to Master HC11 using the SPI

31. Wednesday 4/01

    • The Motorola MC68HC68T1 Real Time Clock
      (Motorola MC68HC68T1 Data Sheet)
      (Huang, Section 9.11)
      • Registers in the Real Time Clock
      • Setting and Reading the Time from the Real Time Clock
      • Using Interrupts on the RTC
      • Figures
        • Registers in the 68HC68T1 RTC
        • Simple program to read from and write to the RTC

32. Friday 4/03

    • Asynchronous Serial Communications and the HC11 SCI
      (Motorola Reference Manual, Section 9; Huang, Sections 8.1-8.5)
    • Basics of Asynchronous Serial Communications
    • The HC11 SCI Subsystem
      • SCI Registers, Flags and Interrupts
      • Programming the SCI
    • Figures
      • Asynchronous Serial Overview
      • Noise Detection on the SCI Subsystem
      • SCI Registers
      • Double-buffering of TxD and RxD

33. Monday 4/06

    • The HC11 A/D Converter Subsystem
      (Motorola Reference Manual, Section 12; Huang, Chapter 10)
    • D/A Converters
    • Slope A/D Converters
    • Successive Approximation A/D Converters
    • Successive Approximation State Machine (see flow chart in Figure~10.3 of Huang)
    • Figures
      • Amplifier using an Op Amp
      • Simple D/A Converter using Op Amps
      • Ramp A/D Converter using a D/A Converter
      • Successive Approximation A/D Converter using a D/A Converter
      • State Machine for Successive Approximation Register

34. Wednesday 4/08

    • Review for the exam on Friday

35. Monday 4/13

    • Exam 3

36. Wednesday 4/15

    • More on the HC11 A/D converter
      (Motorola Reference Manual, Section 12)
    • Programming the A/D registers: OPTION, ADCTL
    • Interrpreting the results: ADR1-4
    • Figures
      • HC11 Registers Affecting A/D Converter
      • Reference Voltages and Calculating V_in from ADR1-4

37. Friday 4/17

    • Introduction to Lab 13, Motor Control with the HC11
      • Speed control with pulse width modulation.
      • Measuring motor speed with optical encoder and Input Capture interrupt.
      • Use of Schmidtt trigger on optical encoder output.
      • Setting desired speed with potentiometer and A/D converter.

38. Monday 4/20

    • Further discussion of Lab 13
      • Use of floating point numbers with the ICC11 C compiler.
      • Use of printf() with the ICC11 C compiler.
      • Control algorithm -- proportional feedback control.
    • Figures
      • Outline of program for Lab 13
      • Use of printf() with the ICC11 compiler

39. Wednesday 4/22

    • Guide for programming an EPROM HC11 in the EVBU.
    • Figure
      • Programming your EPROM HC11

40. Friday 4/24

    • Final details of the 68HC11
      • The WAI instruction
      • The STOP instruction and the S bit of the Condition Code Register
      • The Computer Operating Properly interrupt
      • The Clock Monitor interrupt
      • The Pulse Accumulator
    • Figures
      • Program using WAI instruction
      • Sample circuit using STOP instruction: Rain Gauge
      • Program fragment for rain gauge logger using STOP instruction
      • Program fragment using Computer Operating Properly interrupt
      • Program fragment using Clock Monitor interrupt

41. Monday 4/27

    • More on C Programming
      • Defining register bits in header files
      • Writing and debugging often-used routines to set up and use HC11 hardware
      • Adding functions to a library with the ICC11 C compiler
      • Examples using the SPI and MC68HC68T1 Real Time Clock
    • Figures
      • Header file for use with the Serial Peripheral Interface
      • Functions for using the Serial Peripheral Interface
      • Header file for use with the Real Time Clock
      • Functions for using the Real Time Clock
      • Sample program to use SPI and RTC functions

42. Wednesday 4/29

    • Review for Final Exam
    • Figure
      • Review for Final Exam

43. Friday 5/01

    • Review of Interrupts, Masks and Flags
    • Figure
      • HC11 Internal Interruts
      • Interrupts from EVBU Peripherals